The Eden Project is the garden world's largest botanical. It is a scientific experiment that uses a highly innovative technology to create different climates. Combines ecology, horticulture, science, art and architecture, offering an informative and enjoyable experience while promoting ways to maintain a sustainable future dependence on plants and trees. The exhibition includes more than one hundred thousand plants representing 5,000 species from many of the world's climatic zones.
The Eden Project was conceived by Tim Smit and designed by British architect Nicholas Grimshaw and engineering firm Anthony Hunt and Associates. Grimshaw & Partners were chosen for this venture because of its experience in creating the large glass roof of the Waterloo International Terminal in London. The Eden Project covers 15 hectares of land located in an old limestone quarry to 270 miles from London England, St. Austell, Cornwall.
The challenge for this project was to design buildings to provide the environment to create different microclimates. The building opened its doors in March 2001 with the first two phases built. In search of the most effective way to contain the different microclimates, Grimshaw was inspired by an organic shape: the geodesic dome invented by Buckminster Fuller U.S., which proposed to encompass the maximum volume to the minimum area possible.
The project consists of 8 and geodesic domes forming two biomes, trees and plants. There is also an outdoor biome, a visitor center, an outdoor amphitheater and an access road. The project was developed in 4 phases, the first phase conformed to the Visitor Center. This is a space that serves as a link between the biomes. It works as a gateway, ticketing facilities, shops, restrooms and galleries education. It is a banana-shaped volume that runs one of the slopes of the old quarry. Is strategically located at the highest point of land. At first, the building domes conceals the view of the public who approached the scene. But then, once inside, you can enjoy the amazing panoramic view of the whole.
Phase two of the project is made up of the biomes. Occupy the deepest part of the quarry, lying on their sides. Willing into two groups consisting of a sequence of four transparent domes each. Within the arches are played different climates in the world.
The Humid Tropics Biome is the largest greenhouse in the world, covering 1.56 hectares. It measures 55 meters high, 100 meters wide and 200 long. It continues the humid climate and dense rainforest, fruit trees of bananas, coffee, rubber and bamboo, among others.
The smaller biome retains the warm, dry temperate zone between 30 and 40 degrees latitude. It covers 0.65 hectares and 35 meters high, 65 wide and 135 feet long. Among the species living You can find vineyards and olives.
A third ecosystem, similar to that of Great Britain, is on display outdoors in the gardens surrounding the dome, with plants such as tea, lavender, hops and hemp.
The exact location of the biomes on the site was determined by a sophisticated technique that indicates where they would fetch higher profit of sunlight each structure. These domes are the geodesic domes built the world's largest. The Eden Foundation is the phase 3, which opened in 2003. The Core is part of the fourth stage of development. Eden Project provides an education facility, incorporating classrooms and exhibition spaces. Within the master plan for the entire site looking at future ambitions, we included the design of the access road to the Project.
domes are formed by a structure of galvanized steel pipes of different sizes. Grimshaw's team worked closely with Anthony Hunt Associates Ltd and Mere Plc to develop the structure and define the length of each steel section through 3D models by computer. This allowed each steel section are individually manufactured to be assembled in situ. The tubes have a high resistance despite its light weight, and form a series of hexagons, pentagons and triangles of different sizes (up to 9 meters higher) connected, creating a sphere covered with ETFE panels. Structural stability is guaranteed by intersecting domes, which are anchored with concrete perimeter foundations. The structure is completely free of internal support. It is thus a very efficient structural design as it provides maximum strength steel with a minimum and maximum volume with minimum surface.
The closing of the domes is embodied with more than 500 panels of ETFE (ethyltetrafluoroethylene). This is a transparent thermoplastic sheet of high resistance. The panels are created from multilayered thin UV-transparent ETFE film, sealed on its perimeter and inflated creating an air chamber. We used this material to be very light, with a weight equivalent to 1% by weight of the glass. In addition, ETFE is recyclable, antistatic, self-cleaning and easily repaired and that in case of a puncture can be fixed with ETFE tape. The panels are chambers in which hot air is pumped. A Once inflated, they provide more insulation than glass, acting as a thermal blanket to the structure. Each one can support the weight of a person. Its lifespan is between 20 and 30.
The Visitors Center is a low building with steel roof in grassy slope. The use of rammed earth construction is a local technique of Cornwall. The heating of the biomes is assisted by the quality of insulation ETFE panels. It is also facilitated by sustainable climate control mechanisms by which solar heat is stored in the thermal mass of the rock on which the domes were built. It regulates the daily temperature and can radiate heat at night. The plant material provides 60% of the base heating load. The humidity of the biomes is aided by sprays of mist in the trees and a waterfall that contributes to air movement. During the hot summer can be pumped fresh air into the base and the top of the domes, opened for ventilation. Solar energy is used to pump air into the ETFE panels and to provide water to the Visitors Center. While there is an alternative heating system and other facilities, these are complementary to natural systems. Strategies were developed to minimize natural wastage. Rainwater is recycled for humidification, while the groundwater seepage becomes a positive resource, being distributed within the envelope of irrigation.
Source: WikiArquitectura
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